A Case Against Helping The Poor - 1470 Words

In 1974, Human Ecology Professor Garrett Hardin published his work Lifeboat Ethics: a Case against Helping the Poor. Throughout his essay Hardin uses rhetoric to defend his stance on how helping the poor doesn’t help anyone in the long run. He believes that aiding the poor actually hurts everyone globally. Hardin breaks his essay down between two major topics: food aid and immigration. Hardin argues that if rich counties provide food to poor ones, the poor countries will slowly drain the entire system and deplete all of the surplus food; and he also argues that if we were to allow open immigration to wealthy countries from poor counties we would ruin the environment because we would put an additional strain on the land to produce food and in order to increase food production we would need to clear other land, eliminating other resources we need. In order to back his argument Hardin uses the rhetorical devices logos and ethos. One of the first rhetorical devices Hardin utilizes is parallelism. In order to make his case against The World Food Bank, he draws similarities between Public Law 480, Food for Peace. Hardin builds his case that the World Food Bank would cost the taxpayers billions of dollars and would provide deals to special interest groups just like Food for Peace did. Hardin acknowledges that The World Food Bank does appeal to our humanitarian sides; however, he encourages us to look into the facts behind the World Food Bank and ask ourselves of it will do moreShow MoreRelatedThe Case Against Helping The Poor915 Words   |  4 PagesGarret Hardin, in his 1974 article â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor,† comes to completely opposite conclusions using utilitarianism than most of his peers. The question Hardin posits is, â€Å"does everyone on earth have an equal right to an equal share of its resources?† To answer this question Harden uses the metaphor of a l ifeboat. Each wealthy nation represents a lifeboat full of rich people while the poor are adrift in the ocean outside of the lifeboats who are desperately tryingRead MoreThe Case Against Helping The Poor2052 Words   |  9 Pagesresponse from their audiences. In â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor,† Garrett Hardin uses a lifeboat metaphor to demonstrate the potential damaging consequences of unlimited foreign aid in hopes of persuading his readers to oppose altruism. Similarly, in â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† Peter Singer presents his readers with two hypothetical scenarios to urge his audience to contemplate their own responsibilities in helping third world children. After initially reading theseRead MoreEssay on Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor900 Words   |  4 Pagesto the population of the poor, Hardin uses a lifeboat for better understanding of the situation. â€Å"Metaphorically each nation can be seen a s a lifeboat, full of comparatively rich people. In the ocean outside each lifeboat swim the poor of the world, who would like to get in or at least share some of the wealth† (415). This metaphor explains to the people that there are people out in the world that need help. People that are on the verge of dying, all they need is a helping hand for their survivalRead MoreA Critique of Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor3046 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom military planes towards the hot sand of their tiny village. This action was one of many attempts to help underdeveloped nations receive food by the United Nations World Food Programme. Within his article titled Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor, Garret Hardin, a well-known philosopher of ecology, analyzes the difficulty and ultimate ruin associated with providing aid to these nations. Hardins argument for the preservation of well-to-do societies is embodied by his extended metaphorRead MoreUnforeseen Bonds: Hardins Rhetoric in Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor1950 Words   |  8 PagesUnforeseen Bonds: Hardins Rhetoric in Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor As Andrew Kuper, a Fellow of Trinity College of Cambridge and researcher of philosophy, politics, and the modern world, once said Since the costs to ourselves may be significant, how much ought we to sacrifice? (Kuper, 1). A direct correspondence of such can be seen in the work of Garrett Hardin, specifically Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor, versus Peter Singer, author of The Singer SolutionRead MoreJustice vs. Reality in Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor by Garrett Hardin534 Words   |  3 PagesThe essay titled Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor by Garrett Hardin, was very interesting. The first part of the essay used a metaphor of the rich people of the earth in a lifeboat and the poor people in the sea drowning. The rich people could only allow a few people in and if they let, too many people in they will sink the boat and all die. The best thing for the rich people to do is not to let anyone in so they will have adequate suppl ies and space for them to survive. LaterRead MoreLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer3380 Words   |  14 PagesEthics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer One of the most important issues facing the world today is the issue of the poor. There are many things that can be done about this issue, however much of the world is torn between wanting to help and not knowing how to go about it. This is the issue that is presented in the two essays - Garrett Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor,† and PeterRead MoreRobbing the Rich to Give to the Poor Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesRobbing the Rich to Give to the Poor Poverty has conquered nations around the world, striking the populations down through disease and starvation. Small children with sunken eyes are displayed on national television to remind those sitting in warm, luxiourious houses that living conditions are less than tolerable around the world. Though it is easy to empathize for the poor, it is sometimes harder to reach into our pocketbooks and support them. No one desires people to suffer, but do wealthyRead MoreLifeboat Ethics Essay583 Words   |  3 PagesLifeboat Ethics Hardins Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against the Poor - No! You Cannot Come in Garrett Hardin writes about saving the poor in his essayLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against the Poor found in The Blair Reader. Hardin writes about how the rich countries are in the lifeboat and the poor countries are swimming in the ocean. He also writes about how the United States helps other countries. Hardin feels that if the government keeps helping other countries and letting people in then AmericaRead MoreQuestions On Ethics And Human Sciences1423 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the important issues discussed nowadays is the World Poverty. There are many disagreements between experts in this domain, whether rich nations are morally obligated to help poor nations, whether helping the Poor by giving them fish instead of a fishing rods is a good solution? The question is why these disagreements occur? My main thesis is that disagreements between experts occur because of three main reasons, first of all each of expert can use different ways of knowing in order to explore

Role of IT into Australian Marketing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Investigate use of Information Technology for Securing Australian Marketing Industry. Answer: Introduction The report is based on use of Information Technology for Securing Australian Marketing Industry. Into the marketing industry, lack of use of technology for business operations is the major issues for the financial security. Power and Gruner (2015) stated that technology is central to the human existence and it has greater importance to Australia for current time and in future. With increase of globalization into the marketing industry, the point of sales and point of supply, the use of information technology are increased significantly. IT plays an important role into managing of the marketing operations. Market knowledge and control of data as well as information is used to obtain competitive advantage into the marketing sector (Rubin, Aas Stead, 2015). The Australian marketing industry requires transforming of IT technology to increase companys capability to evolve market throughout enhanced speed as well as collect and analyze the customer data while enhancing the product differe ntiation. The report includes the background of the project study, research aims as well as objectives along with literature review. Based on the selected topic, two of the research questions are developed and secondary sources are collected to answer the research questions. The methodologies are also discussed in the report includes of data collection techniques and data analysis. Findings, discussion and conclusion are also explained in this particular report. Problem statement Secured marketing services are important aspect to satisfy the buyers throughout continuous improvement and customer perception is key significant aspect to reveal how satisfied the customers towards the marketing process. Into the Australian marketing industry, the placement of order and payment processing techniques are used traditionally which causes huge security issues into the business operations. Security and privacy are two major issues required to address by the Australian marketing industry to have increase into outsourcing contract from other countries. Another problem is about sharing of information of employee to ensure that secured and protected data are outsourced to other companies. Research aim and research questions The aim of this research is to identify the use of information technology in order to secure personnel and financial operations of Australian Marketing Industry. With use of information system for financial and retailing operations, placement of order by the customers is much easier. The researcher defines the benefits of use of advanced technologies into the marketing industry to resolve the issues related to traditional order placing system. The main aim of this report is to analyze the business use of information technology and the factors which would change the use of information technology by the employment size. In order to achieve the research aims, following research questions are being developed: What are the Business Use of Information Technology, selected by indicators over the years from 2013-14 to 2015-16? What are the factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology, by employment size? Literature Review Freeman, Daniel and Murad (2012) stated that the marketing sector are producing of products and services for the profit, and the information technology describes any type of technology used to create and process the information which is critical to the business performance. Iyengar, Sweeney and Montealegre (2015) argued that information technology has key significant importance to the marketing sector as the management tool for optimizing the information processing in order to produce of goods as well as services for business profit. Role of information technology into Australia marketing industry Mazzarol (2015) discussed that IT is essential into the management of the business and use of IT into marketing business managed with greater accuracy with assistance of IT in addition to computer applications. The aim of each business is to grow as well as develop the consumers base for gaining of competitive advantage as well as revenue of business. The marketing IT applications are costly, but it is more consistent, scalable, protected and flexible at same time. Afshari et al., (2014) stated that there is huge difference among the traditional and modern process of marketing management. Using the traditional system, the employees are managing the order and payment details along with personnel details manually and therefore there are lot of security issues into the data (Donovan, 2013). The Australian Marketing is willing to adopt of advanced technology based applications in internet usage as well as webs services. The services are available for 24 hours and security of the system i s also enhanced. The users are paid online with higher level of security (Breytenbach, De Villiers Jordaan, 2013). Into the manual IT management system, there is development of marketing operations and there is proper authentication into the IT which would only enable the users to access to the information into the database and cloud server. Following are the role and benefits of IT used for the marketing purpose: Process improvement: Jiang et al., (2014) mentioned that information technology (IT) includes of management information system (MIS) for automating and supporting the business tasks along with decision making. IT is mainly used for automating the marketing tasks such as production, schedule in addition to logistics (Heizer, 2016). Therefore, IT is used to enable the business for operating profitably. Cost reduction: Zivanovic, Zivanovic and Zivanovic (2013) discussed that automation of marketing operations by deployment of IT decreases the requirement of personnel. Economics of scale throughout deployment of IT reduces the entire business cost for producing of products as well as services. Quality assurance: Systematic testing is done for ensuring that the business is produced quality goods as well as services for the customers. Quality assurance is used into the marketing process, customer support along with accounting (Whitaker, Ekman Thompson, 2017). Efficient information processing is used to achieve quality assurance goals for delivering of quality goods and services to the business customers. Communication: The marketing business sector should communicate with the workers internally and communicate with the suppliers as well as customers externally (Reis, Amorim Melao, 2017). The information technologies used are social media, internet access and web presence. Mobile devices as well as internet based social media networks are evolved of IT platforms for the business communications. Jiang, Zhao and Zhang (2017) concluded that rapid communications help into increasing the productivity of the business. It also allows for better decision making which ease the expansion of the company. IT equipments are used to send the status of the business reports to the executives in order to update the employees on the critical business projects. Factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology Jiang et al., (2016) examined the organizational factors which affect the application of IT into the marketing sector. As the organizational factors are most important determinants for successful projects, by understanding its impacts as well as identifying will help to plan the systematic implementation of information technology into marketing business operations. Using the automatic IT system, there are automatic links between the system in order to receive of order as well as other business systems (OConnor, Rafferty Sheikh, 2013). Due to use of customer business system, the components of the communication are running the business operations towards the customers (Noyes et al., 2013). The system also used of invoice and payment system into the marketing sector for managing the invoices within the business. With use of specific invoice numbers, the organization can receive of payments (Beers Zand, 2014). In this way, the client can able to know the invoices paid as well as how mu ch. With this unique number, the bookkeeping system can track the payment to the invoices. Without unique invoice number, it is not possible to do the payments. The possible hypotheses developed for the research study are: Based on research question1, H0: There is no significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is no significant rise in the access of internet H1: There is significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is significant rise in the access of internet Based on research question 2, H0: There are no possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology H1: There are possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology Methodology Data collection Into this research study, Secondary data collection technique is used where the data are collected from the research articles, past publications and others. It is the best way to collect data in order to conduct the work (Harrison Hair, 2017). The data are collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics where the researcher get summary of IT use and innovation in Australian business from the year 2015-16. Manly, it is done based on the employment size. The data are selected by indicators over the year from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016. The data sources are collected from different businesses which are taken into consideration for the research study such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction and others (Alzubi, Al-Dubai Farea, 2018). The indicators which are used to analyze the IT innovation into selected businesses are still in development, abandoned and business with innovative activities. Based on the employment size, the summary of the innovative activities into Austr alian businesses are being analyzed. Data analysis Selected data collection procedure is quantitative research, which is based on procedures for the opinions and also attitudes. With use of this data collection procedure, the researcher can do an in-depth analysis of the selected topic and then does group interviews among the group members (Murshed Zhang, 2016). In this specific research study, the data are being analyzed with use of quantitative data collection to understand the use of information technology for securing the Australian Marketing Industry. The secondary data are analyzed by use of SPSS analysis. This software package includes of descriptive statistics of the collected data. Using this software package, the researcher can draw conclusions from the data statistically (Saunders Bezzina, 2015). SPSS software is being used for proving of correlation as well as regression analysis. Findings and analysis This section of the paper looks to assess the data that has been taken into consideration in order to gain an understanding about the answer that the researcher wants to attain in accordance to the topic. The analysis is based on the research questions that have been constructed earlier in this paper and thereby has been able to answer the issues that are pertinent to the research topic (Oberoi, Patel Haon, 2017). A summary of the data has been taken into consideration and accordingly assessment of the data in accordance to the research question has been evaluated and the correlation value in relation to the second research question has been constructed. The analysis has been given as follows RQ1 (Summary) The data and the figures that have been obtained indicate that the highest number of projected business is seen in the construction sector followed by the professional, technical and scientific services. There are several numbers of businesses that is associated with the retail trade, healthcare and social assistance and accommodation and food services (Risselada, Verhoef Bijmolt, 2014). The data explains that each sector has significant level of estimated businesses in Australia thereby determining the economic scenario of the Australian economy. The figures explain that arts and recreation services have contributed the highest in accordance to the incorporation of the innovation in their businesses. The other sector that has contributed the highest in accordance to bringing in innovation involves retail trade, manufacturing, wholesale trade, accommodation and food services, information media and telecommunications and financial and insurance services (Abs.gov.au, 2015). There has been an observation that agriculture, fishing and forestry have contributed the least in the introduction of innovation in the business. The figures explain that information media and telecommunications has been contributing the highest in terms of the sector that is still in the process of development and transport, postal and warehousing has been the least in accordance to the sector that is still under development (Wang, Hu Hu, 2013). The highest number of business that is abandoned in the selected sector has been in the other services and arts and recreation services and the least number of abandoned companies has been the least in transport, postal and warehousing and agricultural, forestry and fishing. Figure 1: Summary of innovative activity in Australian business in 2015-16 (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 1 This question tries to answer the use of the information technology in the business in the selected indicators in accordance to the size of employment. The results indicate that the projected number of business has increased significantly from the year 2013-14 to 2015-16. There has been a rise in the access of internet and the presence of web from the year 2013-14 to 2015-16 (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In respect to the broadband as the key type of connection, it is seen that use of broadband has remained the same. The income that is earned through internet has increased by a significant margin. Figure 2: Business Use of Information Technology (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 2 The figures explain that no automated links among the systems to receive the order and the other business systems is the highest which amounts to 40% and logistics has the lowest in accordance to logistics which comes to 5%. Figure 3: Automated links between systems to receive order and other business systems (Source: As Created By the Author) The overall IT supports for has been the highest for contractors or consultants that come to 29% and the other sources of the IT support has the lowest figure that comes to 1%. Figure 4: Total IT support received by Industries in 2015-2016 (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the type of broadband connection used, it is seen that digital subscriber line is used the most while the usage of satellite has been the less and the values come to 62.3% and 1.6% respectively. Figure 5: Type of Broadband Connection used at the end of year 2016 (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 1 Correlation Abandoned information technology for years 201516 201415 201314 04 persons 5.6 6.9 7.5 519 persons 8.6 8.9 10.3 20199 persons 9.1 8.4 8.3 200 or more persons 5.3 12.2 6.8 201516 201415 201314 201516 1 201415 -0.30025 1 201314 0.770449 -0.32437 1 Table 1: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) The explanation of the correlation in accordance to the abandoned technology reveals that there has been a fall in the abounded information technology in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2014-15 and has been a rise in the abandoned in the information technology in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2013-14. There has been a fall in the abandoned in the information technology for the year 2014-15 and 2013-14. This explains that most of the time there has been a significant fall in the abandoned in the information technology in most of the cases other than in the case of the correlation between 2015-16 and 2013-14. Businesses that introduced innovation (innovating businesses) 201516 201415 201314 35.2 30.7 34.1 54.3 47.2 54.1 64.0 58.1 60.7 64.1 64.7 73.9 201516 201415 201314 201516 1 201415 0.975486 1 201314 0.944838 0.986837 1 Table 2: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the businesses that have been introduced innovation, it is seen that there is a rise in the businesses that have introduced innovation as the value comes to 0.975486 for the year 2015-16 and 2014-15 and there has been a rise in the correlation as well in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2013-14. The business innovation has even been high for the year 2014-15 and 2013-14 as the correlation has been high. Businesses with any innovative activity (innovation-active businesses) 201516 201415 201314 40.7 37.3 39.9 59.7 54.1 59.9 71.5 67.4 66.7 77.0 73.3 79.5 201516 1 201415 0.998156 1 201314 0.982931 0.981009 1 Table 3: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the figures that have been obtained for active businesses that make use of innovative techniques, it is seen that in association to the year 2015-16 and 2014-15, it is seen that there has been a rise in the level of innovation as the value has been and in case of the relation for the year 2015-16 and 2013-14, there has been a rise in the level of innovation in the active businesses as well. The extent of innovation in accordance to the year 2014-15 and 2013-14 has even higher as the correlation for the same is positive correlated and is close to the value one. RQ 2: Regression ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 10 171.1808 17.11808 1.292518 0.391847 Residual 6 79.46386 13.24398 Total 16 250.6447 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 94.55089 8.220972 11.50118 2.6E-05 74.4349 114.6669 74.4349 114.6669 Communication excluding email -0.27488 0.424353 -0.64777 0.541111 -1.31324 0.763471 -1.31324 0.763471 work from home -0.22002 0.514709 -0.42747 0.683954 -1.47947 1.039424 -1.47947 1.039424 work from other locations 0.495544 0.38387 1.290916 0.244238 -0.44375 1.434842 -0.44375 1.434842 assessing or modifying the business' range of products, services, processes or methods 0.107248 0.354524 0.302514 0.772473 -0.76024 0.974737 -0.76024 0.974737 development of new or improved products, services, processes or methods -0.43058 0.400667 -1.07465 0.323835 -1.41097 0.549818 -1.41097 0.549818 monitoring competitors -0.19298 0.433692 -0.44497 0.671942 -1.25419 0.868225 -1.25419 0.868225 identifying future market trends 0.144056 0.55954 0.257455 0.80543 -1.22509 1.513201 -1.22509 1.513201 Online training/learning -0.03066 0.249539 -0.12285 0.906238 -0.64125 0.579943 -0.64125 0.579943 customers or clients 0.300386 0.306219 0.980952 0.3645 -0.44891 1.049678 -0.44891 1.049678 businesses or organisations (which were not customers or clients) -0.11684 0.709129 -0.16477 0.874537 -1.85202 1.618333 -1.85202 1.618333 The regression value has been determined by looking into the dependent and the independent variables. The dependent variable in this scenario has been taken as financials and the independent variables have been the other variables that have been taken under consideration (Ramakrishnan, 2015). The analysis of the same in accordance to the regression analysis addresses that the adjusted R-square has a value of 0.154566 and this value indicates that there is a lot of variation among the variables that have been taken into consideration by the researcher. The F value of regression has a value of 1.29 which is a higher than 1.05 thereby indicating that there has been key level of variation. The coefficients indicate that with the rise in the intercept, there has been a fall in communication, work from home, and development of new and improved products, monitoring the competitors, online training and businesses (Lu Yang, 2014). On the other hand, the other variables like the work from oth er locations, modifying the range of the products and services, recognizing the future market patterns and customers have increased value of coefficients (Wu Chen, 2017). The overall value indicates that there has been a significant variation and therefore no such relationships are present. Discussion This particular section will compare the findings as well as literature review. The purpose of the discussion section is to analyze the results of the hypothesis based on selected research questions. H1: There is significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is significant rise in the access of internet The results that have been gathered after the assessment of the values and the figures that have been collected explain that construction sector has the number of businesses, followed by the professional, technical and scientific services. The extent of innovation that has been highest in the art and recreational services and agriculture, fishing and forestry services has the lowest level of innovation. Wholesale trade is still under the process of development and most number of businesses that are abandoned is in the art and recreation services. The figures in association to the research question 1 explains that there has been significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there has been significant rise in the access of internet, presence of social media and other aspects as well (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The rise in the business due to the incorporation of the innovation has even led to the rise in the income from internet by a significant margin . H2: There are possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology The next research question has even been crucial enough in making an explanation that automated links have mostly not in use in the system to receive order and other business systems and therefore steps and measures have to be taken with the help of which better business operations can be undertaken. The overall usage of the IT support service has been the maximum in the consultancy and contractor services and this services needs to be increased even in the other sectors as well in order to improve the operations of the business in various sectors in the Australian economy (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The results even indicate that use of digital subscriber line has been the highest in the economy and this has been influential for the development of the Australian economy in accordance to the global economy. The correlation that has been attained for the research question number 2 explains that all the variables that have been taken into consideration have positive correlation as the values are more than 0 but the values are more close to the value 0 rather than staying close to 1, indicating that the relationship among the variables are related but are not related to closely with each other. The positive value indicates that innovations in the business sector in accordance to these variables can improve the operational activities of the business and therefore the company can bring in changes in their operational plans accordingly in order to maintain competitive edge. Conclusion This particular section will address the research aims as well as questions, along with the research limitations and recommendations. Addressing aims and research questions The aim of this particular research study is to identify the use of information technology in order to secure personnel and financial operations of Australian Marketing Industry. As per the first research question, the business use of Information Technology, selected by indicators over the years from 2013-14 to 2015-16 are analyzed. It is concluded that there is a rise into internet access and web presence from 2013-14 to the year 2015-2016. Based on research question 2, there are no such automated links among the systems to receive the order and other business systems. Use of the digital subscriber line is increasing among the Australian economy. Limitations In this particular research study, reliability is considered as the limitation as the analyzed data are gathered from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The researcher is unable to provide any guarantee of the quality along with reliability of the collected data and information. Due to two of the research constraints, it is difficult to carry out the work such as time as well as budget; therefore it restricts the scope of the study. Recommendations There are recommendations for the research manager as well as researchers such as: Use of IT system: The system recommended using of the IT in order to improve access to the information along with support evidence based decision making. IT should improve the quality of the marketing business operations; the evidence that IT is improved important marketing related outcomes is being limited. Most of the marketing organization should use of IT for strategic plan in order to improve quality care of services and products. Implement of inventory management system: When it comes to manage of inventory into marketing sector, the businesses are required to maintain stock to meet the demand without invest into more they need. The proposed system would track the quality of the items; trigger the order for additional stock when there is fall into qualities. It is best to implement of Point of Sale (POS) system which ensures that each of the item is being sold and there is removal of item from inventory count. Data management system: The organization should store of digital versions for the documents on the server as well as storage devices with use of this data management system. in this way, the documents should be available to everyone. References Abs.gov.au. (2015).8129.0 - Business Use of Information Technology, 2013-14.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/8129.0Explanatory%20Notes12013-14?OpenDocument Abs.gov.au. (2017).8129.0 - Business Use of Information Technology, 2015-16.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8129.0 Abs.gov.au. 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Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt essays Herbert C. Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt were contemporaries and outstanding Americans of the first half of the 20th century who both rose to the highest political office of their country. They are, however, remembered in history for widely contrasting reasons. While Hoover was a one-term President who presided over the most serious economic crisis in the country's historythe Great DepressionRoosevelt is the only US President to have been elected 4 times and is gratefully remembered for having pulled his country out of the Depression. Some people believe that Hoover was unfairly held responsible for the Great Depression and they may well be right but there is no escaping the fact that some of his policies worsened the economic crisis and it was left to the outstanding leadership of FDR and his New Deal policies that lifted the spirits of a dejected nation and reversed the downward spiral of a seemingly endless recession. When the US stock market crashed[1] in October 1929 taking the wind out of the US economy, Herbert Hoover had been in office for less than a year; hence his Presidency cannot be held solely responsible for the downturn. Hoover, nonetheless, was unable to gauge the seriousness of the situation, believing that the problem was a temporary "business cycle" that would correct itself. Due to his shy personality, he could not impress the public with the need for calm or reverse the rising "tide of fear" about the future of the economy. (Leibovich 107). Hoover's policies did not help either as he stubbornly stuck to a policy of "balanced budgets" and proceeded to increase taxes and cut back governmental spending at a time when exactly the opposite monetary policy was required. Hoover's famous "rugged individualism" and his almost dogmatic belief in "mutual self-help and voluntary giving" prevented him from the need of the ho...

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M2A1 - Essay Example Case study one: interpersonal conflict This interpersonal conflict scenario entails two employees of the same organization. The conflict arises from the struggle of promotion and power between the two employees. The cause of the conflict can be attributed to differences in goals, attitudes and values between the two employees. Rick has the informational power to influence the work of John. John relies on interim production reports from Rick in order to accurately prepare summary reports for the entire week. From their working relationship, the accuracy of Rick’s interim reports will influence the quality of output delivered by John to the inventory and marketing departments. The conflict is harmful to the organization since it has led to errors in the summary reports and may also lead to inefficiency of work since John will be forced to retrieve the interim production reports from the main frame computer that has a two day backlog of retrieval requests. The conflict will lead to poor working relationship and hinder teamwork in the organization. Eventually, the conflict will hinder the attainment of the organizational objectives. The conflict is shallow since it entails only two employees and no excessive harm has occurred to their overall jobs (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). ... pective position, but their individual differences such as need for power and status, and personality clashes have led to a conflict in their working relationship (Deutsch, Coleman & Marcus, 2006). The second step will entail creating urgency for the need to resolve the conflict through identifying the negative impacts of the conflict towards the attainment of organizational objectives (Donohue & Kolt, 1994). In this regard, the management will identify the errors in the interim production reports, the inaccuracies of the summary reports delivered to the inventory and marketing departments and associated delays in preparation of the summary reports. The third step is creating a favorable conflict resolution environment through enabling John and Rick to cooperate in their working relationship. In this case, Rick must accept blame for the errors in the interim production report and the rude communication to John. Accordingly, John and Rick must openly express their interests on the pro spective position and any negative emotions towards each other. The two employees must be prepared to engage in positive dialogue and offer feedback regards the conflict resolution process (Deutsch, Coleman & Marcus, 2006). The fourth step will entail will entail brainstorming for possible conflict resolution alternatives. In this case, the parties will highlight all possible solutions to the conflict. The parties must not avoid the conflict or engage in competition tactics since this will hinder interpersonal relationships and affect the working relationships (Deutsch, Coleman & Marcus, 2006). The brainstorming checklist must aim at enhancing cooperation, aligning the individual values and interests and minimizing struggles power and status between John and Rick. Possible solutions include

Agricultural Farmland Investments Essay Example for Free

Agricultural Farmland Investments Essay If you are worried about inflation, the best investments to protect yourself are so-called real assets that will rise in value along with inflation. If you are interested in a real asset that pays good current income and dividends, hedges against inflation and also has tremendous value, consider farmland investments. We took farmland as an investment and sees agriculture as the premiere asset class for the next decade. Why invest in farmland? Green World believes that farmland is among the best alternative investments for retail investors. In keeping with Green World’s theory that it is important for any investment to be on the right side of global macro trends, and as the graph from the UN demonstrates, the amount of arable land worldwide is dwindling. Simultaneously, the world’s population is forecast to jump to more than 9 billion by 2050 from 6.9 billion today. Simple economic principles of supply and demand dictate that when there is an increasing shortage of an asset combined with growing demand for it, the prices of that asset are likely to go up. This trend and the accompanying high prices for agricultural commodities has created a substantial concern amongst world governments around the issue of â€Å"food security† and has led many large institutional investors – including governments – to launch agriculture and farmland funds. Shrinking Arable Land and Global Food Security Just to summarize, the points below provide a good overview of reasons for including farmland in your portfolio: 1) Food inflation looks set to continue for the foreseeable future, as the amount of arable land globally is actually shrinking whilst the global population is continuing to grow. To meet growing global food demand the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization estimates an extra six million hectares of additional farmland investment is needed every year for the next 30 years, creating a massive new opportunity for farmland investors. 2) Northen part continue to use Quantitative Easing to create new money on a massive scale. Farmland is an excellent hedge against inflation, which, is the inevitable effects of this printed money entering the real economy. 3) Farmland pays high current income and dividends from the sale of crops. As interest rates are near zero and likely to stay that way for some time, prudent savers are forced to look elsewhere for current in come. Farmland is an excellent option for obtaining that income. 4) Farmland stands out as an asset class that can be a safe haven from global financial and economic instability, as it provides diversification to a portfolio since farmland does not respond to the same factors as those which influence financial assets such as stocks and bonds. 5) Finally, investing in farmland is also a play on China’s continued rapid growth. One of the places where arable farmland is shrinking quite fast due to development is China, and indeed China has now become a net food importer, causing great worry in the government about the issue of â€Å"food security†. With US$3.1 trillion of reserves, when China wants or needs something, it goes out and buys it. Food and farmland are no exception, and indeed China has been buying farmland all around the world. One other point worth noting is that Dream World’s favorite investing on a huge proponent of investing in farmland. They believe that we are only in the â€Å"third inning† of the farmland story, and the asset class still has plenty of room to run. It is also worth noting that it also â€Å"eats his own cooking† so to speak, as he offers two farmland funds targeted at institutional investors, one of which invests in different allocations of farmland in India of Dream World’s farmland projects is located. The next question to consider is how to invest in farmland? You could, of course, invest in a Dream World farmland fund, but Dream World funds target high net worth for institutions with minimum requirements of thousands of Rupees. Dream World, by contrast, offers direct farmland investments for retail investors, with minimum requirements as low as Rs.5000.00. Furthermore, Dream World’s farmland investment projects provide for the direct ownership of the underlying agricultural land – i.e. the retail investor actually owns farmland directly, rather than having indirect exposure through an expensive farmland hedge fund. It is now possible for individual investors to make direct investing in farmland a part of their portfolio, as there are an increasing number of projects where large tracts of land are purchased, and then individual parcels are sold directly to retail investors. These investments are a full â€Å"soup-to-nuts solution,† as everything from the cultivation of the land to the planting and harvesting and the sale of the sale of the crops are performed by an existing farm manager who is part of the project. That means these are perfect passive investments for individuals looking to diversify their portfolios. The aims of the participatory process in the project were: * to perform reflections on the causes and the consequences of the change in the man-forest relationship and on the opportunity to acknowledge new expectations and needs arisen from society towards the forestry sector through participation; * to define, through study cases, a procedure capable of integrating participation into landscape forest planning and to develop a method suitable for all the different situations in Italy * to evaluate the perception of the forest and of forest management within the local communities; * to integrate the traditional knowledge with the technical content of the plan; * to make the population aware of the planning process; * to carry out the mapping of the stakeholders; * to involve, through a targeted reach-out, stakeholders who would otherwise not have been able to voice their concerns.