Study Of Organizational Behavior ( Ob ) - 3108 Words

STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR INTRODUCTION The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity hence the study of human behavior is important. Great importance therefore must be attached to the study. Generally it’s the understanding of the very credentials of an individual, background, social framework, educational update, impact of social groups and other situational factors on behavior. Managers under whom an individual is working should be able to explain, predict, evaluate and modify human behavior that will largely depend upon knowledge, skill and experience of the manager in handling large group of people in diverse situations. Preemptive actions need to be taken for human behavior forecasting. The value system, emotional intelligence, organizational culture, job design and the work environment are important causal agents in determining human behavior. Cause and effect relationship plays an important role in how an individual is likely to behave in a particular situation and its impact on productivity. An appropriate organizational culture can modifyShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior ( Ob ) Studies The Influence That Individuals, Groups, And Organizational Structure1486 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational behavior (OB) studies the influence that individuals, groups, and organizational structure have on behavior within organizations. More succinctly, it is the study of how people interact in organizations. This paper will briefly review the following five topics that are included in the organizational behavior study process: 1. Managerial Functions 2. Corporate Culture 3. Organizational Culture 4. Strategic Planning 5. Tactical Planning â€Æ' Managerial Functions Management is theRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour958 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how to deal with other people and involve your acceptance of others, without prejudice in order to achieve your task. 2. What do managers do in terms of functions, roles, and skills? Management is a process that is used to accomplish organizational goals; that is, a process that is used to achieve what an organization wants to achieve. Managers are the people to whom this management task is assigned. In terms of Functions, Managers do Planning, Organizing, Directing and Controlling. Read More Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding organizational behavior is important for everyone involved in an organization, not just the leadership and management teams. By gaining and understanding this knowledge each employee should be able to realize how their individual actions contribute to the big picture of the company. In order to understand this there are some key concepts and terminology that must be explained to make the learning process more manageable. Organizational Behavior What is organizational behavior? AccordingRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Skills On The Workplace1695 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause the added organizational behavior element can help promote and improve awareness the social responsibility of a company. 2. What is the definition of organizational behavior (OB)? Per the textbook, organizational behavior is â€Å"a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness† (Robbins 10). 3. How does systematic study contribute to our understandingRead MoreImproving Ethical Behavior Is An Important Area Where Better Understanding Of Organization Behavior817 Words   |  4 Pages Improving ethical behavior is an important area where better understanding of organization behavior helps managers to train employees and tackle the ethical implications well. In an organizational world characterized by cutbacks, expectations of increasing productivity, and tough competition, it’s not surprising many employees feel pressured to cut corners, break rules, and engage in other questionable practices. Increasingly they face ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are requiredRead MoreOrganizational Behavior as a Discipline for Discovery Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior as a Discipline for Discovery Ask a manager of 35, 25 or even 15 years ago what their Organizations Behavioral patterns were or how their employees felt about certain issues and you would probably be met with blank stares. Organizational Behavior (OB) was not a part of the business world in those days. The idea that a manager need only deal with the technical skills of its employees while disregarding their own listening skills, communication Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour Meeting 11539 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to OB Study of Organizational Behavior RAGIL SRIHARTO What is OB? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The field that seeks increased knowledge of all aspects of behavior in organizational setting by systematically studying individual, group, and organizational process. OB Characteristics †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Applies the scientific method to practical managerial problems –†¯ How can goals be set to enhance people’s job performance? –†¯ Under what conditions do individuals make better decision than groups? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Focuses on three levelRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Behavior?1458 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior - a systematic study of a person’s behavior. Several issues of interest to organizational behavior researchers: Motivation, Emotions, Personality and Communication. (Self Assessment Library? IV.G.1) Interpersonal Skills: A. Importance of Interpersonal Skills in the Workplace. Previously, Business School focused on technical aspects of management, inc: econ, accounting, finance, etc. Human Behavior and People skills was barely covered. Last 30 years thoughRead MoreAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior1638 Words   |  7 PagesAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior 1. Define organizational behavior (OB) and explain its roots - a field of study that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behavior, both individual and collective, in the organizational context - includes 3 levels ï  ® individual: employee motivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcingRead MorePersonnel Management and Organizational Behavior1101 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Personnel Management and Organizational Behavior Dr. Tassos Petrou February 20, 2007 Managerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Understanding Organizational Behavior (OB) presents countless challenges for managers in today’s changing society. Confronting these challenges accurately will assist managers in developing suitable environments for employees to execute occupational functions

Differences Between German Culture And American Culture

â€Å"Culture makes people understand each other better. And if they understand each other better in their soul, it is easier to overcome the economic and political barriers. But first they have to understand that their neighbor is, in the end, just like them, with the same problems, the same questions.†- Paulo Coelho. According to Paulo Coelho, in order to better overcome the worldwide obstacles, we should try to understand each other’s cultures. Through this paper, I will try to show you the main differences between German culture and American culture. I have always felt as if I have grown up around the German culture, but it took me living there for an extended period of time to see that there are indeed differences between the two cultures. While I identify with both cultures and have both nationalities, I identify stronger with some traits of the American culture yet do the same with some of the German culture. Through this paper, I will be using different models t o show the similarities and differences, as well as I hope to gain a deeper understanding of both cultures as well. The Iceberg Model of Culture describes a culture’s behaviors and practices, interpretations, and core values. This particular model is interesting to look at, because it shows, how a culture is perceived (the tip of the iceberg) and the actually culture (the 90% that is hidden). When looking at the German culture the most things that come to mind would be: beer, lederhosen and dirndls, Oktoberfest,Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between American Culture And German Culture909 Words   |  4 Pages20th century. During these chaotic times Germans came to realize that the only way to prevent disorder and chaos was Ordnung or order. This philosophy of Ordnung is fundamentally different than the culture in the United States in which the people are trusted to do the right things rather than being forced by a set of written and unwritten rules that regulate social behavior. There are three significant differences between American culture and German culture: rules and regulations, the bur eaucracyRead Moreâ€Å"a Cultural Mismatch† Essays997 Words   |  4 Pages(Organizational Design, Culture, and Change) Application Case: â€Å"A Cultural Mismatch† 1) Based on the experiences of Chrysler and Diamler-Benz AG, what is the importance of culture in the change process? Culture effects performance! Each structural culture operates differently; in order for them to properly function they must combine their processes. These processes would include management styles, pay structures, capacity to communicate, compromise, understanding and accepting different cultures, conformingRead MoreEssay on Workplace Diversity1262 Words   |  6 Pagesnew information technology system that is currently being developed, it is my duty to bring together the partner firms as to support and stimulate the swift and thorough development of this new technology. Due to the high level of expertise of this German firm, we have selected them to partner with us as we begin the development process. We understand that the barriers of the oceans, as well as the time zones, have created a hurdle in the communication that is necessary to complete the project withinRead MoreThe Diversity Of Macy s Corporate Culture754 Words   |  4 PagesLevitt (2014) defines culture as the coheren t, learned, shared views of a group of people and about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior. Macy’s corporate culture possesses a diverse leadership team to target their diverse customers and locations. Diversity, based on experiences and passion, gives the Macy’s leadership team new perspectives to promote successful business. Levitt (2014) suggests organizational diversityRead MoreCultural Diversity Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is culture? Are we that different? The English Anthropologist Edward B. Taylor explained it in his work Primitive Culture as â€Å"Culture or civilization is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities acquired by human as a member of society.† Valuing and understanding cultural diversity is very important in terms of being able to understand the differences and histories of a society. Culture itself is a key feature in the identity of a societyRead MoreEssay about Cooperating and Communicating Across Cultures640 Words   |  3 PagesCooperating and Communicating across Cultures Daryl Roscoe Grantham University Professor Fail 02 January 2013 Abstract: This comprehensive case covers essential aspects and facets of cross-cultural co-operation and communication. These are illustrated through the fictitious depiction of a project carried out between Americans and Germans. More specifically, two situations will be presented: (1) an American working on a team, which is dominated by Germans (and their way of co-operatingRead MoreNative Americans During The 20th Century1494 Words   |  6 Pagesassimilation has been fought for and against. Many people, such as the Native Americans, were forcibly stripped of their culture and Americanized. Others, such as the German Americans, willingly assimilated in political views but tried to hold onto their culture. All of these situations lead to hatred from white Americans at some point throughout our history. The Native Americans during the westward expansion, German Americans during WWI, and Japanese immigrants during WWII. Even though some of theseRead MoreGerman And The German Management Style 1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe German management style has profound historical roots. It goes back to medieval associations and merchant traditions established centuries ago, though it is also capable to adapt to meet the demanding global competitions. They do it by striving for excellence in product service and product quality. Curiously, it is said that German companies seldom dispute on price, unless there is an absolute necessity and are dedicated on creating and also and maintain competitive advantage through excellentRead MoreSocial Culture : Michael Jackson1706 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Culture Michael Jackson once sang â€Å"I m starting with the man in the mirror. I m asking him to change his ways. No message could have been any clearer; if you want to make the world a better place, take a look at yourself and make the change† (Jackson). Defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"the study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary), sociology helps us to better understand our sociological worldRead MoreGermany- Hofstede Analysis Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesyou step into a foreign culture, suddenly things seem different. You don’t know what to do or say.† ( Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions). â€Å"If your organization is planning to conduct business with [Germany], potential success depends upon a good understanding of [German] culture† (Doing Business in Switzerland, 1). This quote is a good advice for entering into any country. Germany is a good candidate for multinational firms to expand into because many similarities of culture to the competitive and

A Case Against Helping The Poor - 1470 Words

In 1974, Human Ecology Professor Garrett Hardin published his work Lifeboat Ethics: a Case against Helping the Poor. Throughout his essay Hardin uses rhetoric to defend his stance on how helping the poor doesn’t help anyone in the long run. He believes that aiding the poor actually hurts everyone globally. Hardin breaks his essay down between two major topics: food aid and immigration. Hardin argues that if rich counties provide food to poor ones, the poor countries will slowly drain the entire system and deplete all of the surplus food; and he also argues that if we were to allow open immigration to wealthy countries from poor counties we would ruin the environment because we would put an additional strain on the land to produce food and in order to increase food production we would need to clear other land, eliminating other resources we need. In order to back his argument Hardin uses the rhetorical devices logos and ethos. One of the first rhetorical devices Hardin utilizes is parallelism. In order to make his case against The World Food Bank, he draws similarities between Public Law 480, Food for Peace. Hardin builds his case that the World Food Bank would cost the taxpayers billions of dollars and would provide deals to special interest groups just like Food for Peace did. Hardin acknowledges that The World Food Bank does appeal to our humanitarian sides; however, he encourages us to look into the facts behind the World Food Bank and ask ourselves of it will do moreShow MoreRelatedThe Case Against Helping The Poor915 Words   |  4 PagesGarret Hardin, in his 1974 article â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor,† comes to completely opposite conclusions using utilitarianism than most of his peers. The question Hardin posits is, â€Å"does everyone on earth have an equal right to an equal share of its resources?† To answer this question Harden uses the metaphor of a l ifeboat. Each wealthy nation represents a lifeboat full of rich people while the poor are adrift in the ocean outside of the lifeboats who are desperately tryingRead MoreThe Case Against Helping The Poor2052 Words   |  9 Pagesresponse from their audiences. In â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor,† Garrett Hardin uses a lifeboat metaphor to demonstrate the potential damaging consequences of unlimited foreign aid in hopes of persuading his readers to oppose altruism. Similarly, in â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† Peter Singer presents his readers with two hypothetical scenarios to urge his audience to contemplate their own responsibilities in helping third world children. After initially reading theseRead MoreEssay on Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor900 Words   |  4 Pagesto the population of the poor, Hardin uses a lifeboat for better understanding of the situation. â€Å"Metaphorically each nation can be seen a s a lifeboat, full of comparatively rich people. In the ocean outside each lifeboat swim the poor of the world, who would like to get in or at least share some of the wealth† (415). This metaphor explains to the people that there are people out in the world that need help. People that are on the verge of dying, all they need is a helping hand for their survivalRead MoreA Critique of Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor3046 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom military planes towards the hot sand of their tiny village. This action was one of many attempts to help underdeveloped nations receive food by the United Nations World Food Programme. Within his article titled Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor, Garret Hardin, a well-known philosopher of ecology, analyzes the difficulty and ultimate ruin associated with providing aid to these nations. Hardins argument for the preservation of well-to-do societies is embodied by his extended metaphorRead MoreUnforeseen Bonds: Hardins Rhetoric in Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor1950 Words   |  8 PagesUnforeseen Bonds: Hardins Rhetoric in Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor As Andrew Kuper, a Fellow of Trinity College of Cambridge and researcher of philosophy, politics, and the modern world, once said Since the costs to ourselves may be significant, how much ought we to sacrifice? (Kuper, 1). A direct correspondence of such can be seen in the work of Garrett Hardin, specifically Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor, versus Peter Singer, author of The Singer SolutionRead MoreJustice vs. Reality in Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor by Garrett Hardin534 Words   |  3 PagesThe essay titled Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor by Garrett Hardin, was very interesting. The first part of the essay used a metaphor of the rich people of the earth in a lifeboat and the poor people in the sea drowning. The rich people could only allow a few people in and if they let, too many people in they will sink the boat and all die. The best thing for the rich people to do is not to let anyone in so they will have adequate suppl ies and space for them to survive. LaterRead MoreLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer3380 Words   |  14 PagesEthics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer One of the most important issues facing the world today is the issue of the poor. There are many things that can be done about this issue, however much of the world is torn between wanting to help and not knowing how to go about it. This is the issue that is presented in the two essays - Garrett Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor,† and PeterRead MoreRobbing the Rich to Give to the Poor Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesRobbing the Rich to Give to the Poor Poverty has conquered nations around the world, striking the populations down through disease and starvation. Small children with sunken eyes are displayed on national television to remind those sitting in warm, luxiourious houses that living conditions are less than tolerable around the world. Though it is easy to empathize for the poor, it is sometimes harder to reach into our pocketbooks and support them. No one desires people to suffer, but do wealthyRead MoreLifeboat Ethics Essay583 Words   |  3 PagesLifeboat Ethics Hardins Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against the Poor - No! You Cannot Come in Garrett Hardin writes about saving the poor in his essayLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against the Poor found in The Blair Reader. Hardin writes about how the rich countries are in the lifeboat and the poor countries are swimming in the ocean. He also writes about how the United States helps other countries. Hardin feels that if the government keeps helping other countries and letting people in then AmericaRead MoreQuestions On Ethics And Human Sciences1423 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the important issues discussed nowadays is the World Poverty. There are many disagreements between experts in this domain, whether rich nations are morally obligated to help poor nations, whether helping the Poor by giving them fish instead of a fishing rods is a good solution? The question is why these disagreements occur? My main thesis is that disagreements between experts occur because of three main reasons, first of all each of expert can use different ways of knowing in order to explore

Role of IT into Australian Marketing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Investigate use of Information Technology for Securing Australian Marketing Industry. Answer: Introduction The report is based on use of Information Technology for Securing Australian Marketing Industry. Into the marketing industry, lack of use of technology for business operations is the major issues for the financial security. Power and Gruner (2015) stated that technology is central to the human existence and it has greater importance to Australia for current time and in future. With increase of globalization into the marketing industry, the point of sales and point of supply, the use of information technology are increased significantly. IT plays an important role into managing of the marketing operations. Market knowledge and control of data as well as information is used to obtain competitive advantage into the marketing sector (Rubin, Aas Stead, 2015). The Australian marketing industry requires transforming of IT technology to increase companys capability to evolve market throughout enhanced speed as well as collect and analyze the customer data while enhancing the product differe ntiation. The report includes the background of the project study, research aims as well as objectives along with literature review. Based on the selected topic, two of the research questions are developed and secondary sources are collected to answer the research questions. The methodologies are also discussed in the report includes of data collection techniques and data analysis. Findings, discussion and conclusion are also explained in this particular report. Problem statement Secured marketing services are important aspect to satisfy the buyers throughout continuous improvement and customer perception is key significant aspect to reveal how satisfied the customers towards the marketing process. Into the Australian marketing industry, the placement of order and payment processing techniques are used traditionally which causes huge security issues into the business operations. Security and privacy are two major issues required to address by the Australian marketing industry to have increase into outsourcing contract from other countries. Another problem is about sharing of information of employee to ensure that secured and protected data are outsourced to other companies. Research aim and research questions The aim of this research is to identify the use of information technology in order to secure personnel and financial operations of Australian Marketing Industry. With use of information system for financial and retailing operations, placement of order by the customers is much easier. The researcher defines the benefits of use of advanced technologies into the marketing industry to resolve the issues related to traditional order placing system. The main aim of this report is to analyze the business use of information technology and the factors which would change the use of information technology by the employment size. In order to achieve the research aims, following research questions are being developed: What are the Business Use of Information Technology, selected by indicators over the years from 2013-14 to 2015-16? What are the factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology, by employment size? Literature Review Freeman, Daniel and Murad (2012) stated that the marketing sector are producing of products and services for the profit, and the information technology describes any type of technology used to create and process the information which is critical to the business performance. Iyengar, Sweeney and Montealegre (2015) argued that information technology has key significant importance to the marketing sector as the management tool for optimizing the information processing in order to produce of goods as well as services for business profit. Role of information technology into Australia marketing industry Mazzarol (2015) discussed that IT is essential into the management of the business and use of IT into marketing business managed with greater accuracy with assistance of IT in addition to computer applications. The aim of each business is to grow as well as develop the consumers base for gaining of competitive advantage as well as revenue of business. The marketing IT applications are costly, but it is more consistent, scalable, protected and flexible at same time. Afshari et al., (2014) stated that there is huge difference among the traditional and modern process of marketing management. Using the traditional system, the employees are managing the order and payment details along with personnel details manually and therefore there are lot of security issues into the data (Donovan, 2013). The Australian Marketing is willing to adopt of advanced technology based applications in internet usage as well as webs services. The services are available for 24 hours and security of the system i s also enhanced. The users are paid online with higher level of security (Breytenbach, De Villiers Jordaan, 2013). Into the manual IT management system, there is development of marketing operations and there is proper authentication into the IT which would only enable the users to access to the information into the database and cloud server. Following are the role and benefits of IT used for the marketing purpose: Process improvement: Jiang et al., (2014) mentioned that information technology (IT) includes of management information system (MIS) for automating and supporting the business tasks along with decision making. IT is mainly used for automating the marketing tasks such as production, schedule in addition to logistics (Heizer, 2016). Therefore, IT is used to enable the business for operating profitably. Cost reduction: Zivanovic, Zivanovic and Zivanovic (2013) discussed that automation of marketing operations by deployment of IT decreases the requirement of personnel. Economics of scale throughout deployment of IT reduces the entire business cost for producing of products as well as services. Quality assurance: Systematic testing is done for ensuring that the business is produced quality goods as well as services for the customers. Quality assurance is used into the marketing process, customer support along with accounting (Whitaker, Ekman Thompson, 2017). Efficient information processing is used to achieve quality assurance goals for delivering of quality goods and services to the business customers. Communication: The marketing business sector should communicate with the workers internally and communicate with the suppliers as well as customers externally (Reis, Amorim Melao, 2017). The information technologies used are social media, internet access and web presence. Mobile devices as well as internet based social media networks are evolved of IT platforms for the business communications. Jiang, Zhao and Zhang (2017) concluded that rapid communications help into increasing the productivity of the business. It also allows for better decision making which ease the expansion of the company. IT equipments are used to send the status of the business reports to the executives in order to update the employees on the critical business projects. Factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology Jiang et al., (2016) examined the organizational factors which affect the application of IT into the marketing sector. As the organizational factors are most important determinants for successful projects, by understanding its impacts as well as identifying will help to plan the systematic implementation of information technology into marketing business operations. Using the automatic IT system, there are automatic links between the system in order to receive of order as well as other business systems (OConnor, Rafferty Sheikh, 2013). Due to use of customer business system, the components of the communication are running the business operations towards the customers (Noyes et al., 2013). The system also used of invoice and payment system into the marketing sector for managing the invoices within the business. With use of specific invoice numbers, the organization can receive of payments (Beers Zand, 2014). In this way, the client can able to know the invoices paid as well as how mu ch. With this unique number, the bookkeeping system can track the payment to the invoices. Without unique invoice number, it is not possible to do the payments. The possible hypotheses developed for the research study are: Based on research question1, H0: There is no significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is no significant rise in the access of internet H1: There is significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is significant rise in the access of internet Based on research question 2, H0: There are no possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology H1: There are possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology Methodology Data collection Into this research study, Secondary data collection technique is used where the data are collected from the research articles, past publications and others. It is the best way to collect data in order to conduct the work (Harrison Hair, 2017). The data are collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics where the researcher get summary of IT use and innovation in Australian business from the year 2015-16. Manly, it is done based on the employment size. The data are selected by indicators over the year from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016. The data sources are collected from different businesses which are taken into consideration for the research study such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction and others (Alzubi, Al-Dubai Farea, 2018). The indicators which are used to analyze the IT innovation into selected businesses are still in development, abandoned and business with innovative activities. Based on the employment size, the summary of the innovative activities into Austr alian businesses are being analyzed. Data analysis Selected data collection procedure is quantitative research, which is based on procedures for the opinions and also attitudes. With use of this data collection procedure, the researcher can do an in-depth analysis of the selected topic and then does group interviews among the group members (Murshed Zhang, 2016). In this specific research study, the data are being analyzed with use of quantitative data collection to understand the use of information technology for securing the Australian Marketing Industry. The secondary data are analyzed by use of SPSS analysis. This software package includes of descriptive statistics of the collected data. Using this software package, the researcher can draw conclusions from the data statistically (Saunders Bezzina, 2015). SPSS software is being used for proving of correlation as well as regression analysis. Findings and analysis This section of the paper looks to assess the data that has been taken into consideration in order to gain an understanding about the answer that the researcher wants to attain in accordance to the topic. The analysis is based on the research questions that have been constructed earlier in this paper and thereby has been able to answer the issues that are pertinent to the research topic (Oberoi, Patel Haon, 2017). A summary of the data has been taken into consideration and accordingly assessment of the data in accordance to the research question has been evaluated and the correlation value in relation to the second research question has been constructed. The analysis has been given as follows RQ1 (Summary) The data and the figures that have been obtained indicate that the highest number of projected business is seen in the construction sector followed by the professional, technical and scientific services. There are several numbers of businesses that is associated with the retail trade, healthcare and social assistance and accommodation and food services (Risselada, Verhoef Bijmolt, 2014). The data explains that each sector has significant level of estimated businesses in Australia thereby determining the economic scenario of the Australian economy. The figures explain that arts and recreation services have contributed the highest in accordance to the incorporation of the innovation in their businesses. The other sector that has contributed the highest in accordance to bringing in innovation involves retail trade, manufacturing, wholesale trade, accommodation and food services, information media and telecommunications and financial and insurance services (Abs.gov.au, 2015). There has been an observation that agriculture, fishing and forestry have contributed the least in the introduction of innovation in the business. The figures explain that information media and telecommunications has been contributing the highest in terms of the sector that is still in the process of development and transport, postal and warehousing has been the least in accordance to the sector that is still under development (Wang, Hu Hu, 2013). The highest number of business that is abandoned in the selected sector has been in the other services and arts and recreation services and the least number of abandoned companies has been the least in transport, postal and warehousing and agricultural, forestry and fishing. Figure 1: Summary of innovative activity in Australian business in 2015-16 (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 1 This question tries to answer the use of the information technology in the business in the selected indicators in accordance to the size of employment. The results indicate that the projected number of business has increased significantly from the year 2013-14 to 2015-16. There has been a rise in the access of internet and the presence of web from the year 2013-14 to 2015-16 (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In respect to the broadband as the key type of connection, it is seen that use of broadband has remained the same. The income that is earned through internet has increased by a significant margin. Figure 2: Business Use of Information Technology (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 2 The figures explain that no automated links among the systems to receive the order and the other business systems is the highest which amounts to 40% and logistics has the lowest in accordance to logistics which comes to 5%. Figure 3: Automated links between systems to receive order and other business systems (Source: As Created By the Author) The overall IT supports for has been the highest for contractors or consultants that come to 29% and the other sources of the IT support has the lowest figure that comes to 1%. Figure 4: Total IT support received by Industries in 2015-2016 (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the type of broadband connection used, it is seen that digital subscriber line is used the most while the usage of satellite has been the less and the values come to 62.3% and 1.6% respectively. Figure 5: Type of Broadband Connection used at the end of year 2016 (Source: As Created By the Author) RQ 1 Correlation Abandoned information technology for years 201516 201415 201314 04 persons 5.6 6.9 7.5 519 persons 8.6 8.9 10.3 20199 persons 9.1 8.4 8.3 200 or more persons 5.3 12.2 6.8 201516 201415 201314 201516 1 201415 -0.30025 1 201314 0.770449 -0.32437 1 Table 1: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) The explanation of the correlation in accordance to the abandoned technology reveals that there has been a fall in the abounded information technology in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2014-15 and has been a rise in the abandoned in the information technology in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2013-14. There has been a fall in the abandoned in the information technology for the year 2014-15 and 2013-14. This explains that most of the time there has been a significant fall in the abandoned in the information technology in most of the cases other than in the case of the correlation between 2015-16 and 2013-14. Businesses that introduced innovation (innovating businesses) 201516 201415 201314 35.2 30.7 34.1 54.3 47.2 54.1 64.0 58.1 60.7 64.1 64.7 73.9 201516 201415 201314 201516 1 201415 0.975486 1 201314 0.944838 0.986837 1 Table 2: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the businesses that have been introduced innovation, it is seen that there is a rise in the businesses that have introduced innovation as the value comes to 0.975486 for the year 2015-16 and 2014-15 and there has been a rise in the correlation as well in accordance to the year 2015-16 and 2013-14. The business innovation has even been high for the year 2014-15 and 2013-14 as the correlation has been high. Businesses with any innovative activity (innovation-active businesses) 201516 201415 201314 40.7 37.3 39.9 59.7 54.1 59.9 71.5 67.4 66.7 77.0 73.3 79.5 201516 1 201415 0.998156 1 201314 0.982931 0.981009 1 Table 3: Correlation Table (Source: As Created By the Author) In accordance to the figures that have been obtained for active businesses that make use of innovative techniques, it is seen that in association to the year 2015-16 and 2014-15, it is seen that there has been a rise in the level of innovation as the value has been and in case of the relation for the year 2015-16 and 2013-14, there has been a rise in the level of innovation in the active businesses as well. The extent of innovation in accordance to the year 2014-15 and 2013-14 has even higher as the correlation for the same is positive correlated and is close to the value one. RQ 2: Regression ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 10 171.1808 17.11808 1.292518 0.391847 Residual 6 79.46386 13.24398 Total 16 250.6447 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 94.55089 8.220972 11.50118 2.6E-05 74.4349 114.6669 74.4349 114.6669 Communication excluding email -0.27488 0.424353 -0.64777 0.541111 -1.31324 0.763471 -1.31324 0.763471 work from home -0.22002 0.514709 -0.42747 0.683954 -1.47947 1.039424 -1.47947 1.039424 work from other locations 0.495544 0.38387 1.290916 0.244238 -0.44375 1.434842 -0.44375 1.434842 assessing or modifying the business' range of products, services, processes or methods 0.107248 0.354524 0.302514 0.772473 -0.76024 0.974737 -0.76024 0.974737 development of new or improved products, services, processes or methods -0.43058 0.400667 -1.07465 0.323835 -1.41097 0.549818 -1.41097 0.549818 monitoring competitors -0.19298 0.433692 -0.44497 0.671942 -1.25419 0.868225 -1.25419 0.868225 identifying future market trends 0.144056 0.55954 0.257455 0.80543 -1.22509 1.513201 -1.22509 1.513201 Online training/learning -0.03066 0.249539 -0.12285 0.906238 -0.64125 0.579943 -0.64125 0.579943 customers or clients 0.300386 0.306219 0.980952 0.3645 -0.44891 1.049678 -0.44891 1.049678 businesses or organisations (which were not customers or clients) -0.11684 0.709129 -0.16477 0.874537 -1.85202 1.618333 -1.85202 1.618333 The regression value has been determined by looking into the dependent and the independent variables. The dependent variable in this scenario has been taken as financials and the independent variables have been the other variables that have been taken under consideration (Ramakrishnan, 2015). The analysis of the same in accordance to the regression analysis addresses that the adjusted R-square has a value of 0.154566 and this value indicates that there is a lot of variation among the variables that have been taken into consideration by the researcher. The F value of regression has a value of 1.29 which is a higher than 1.05 thereby indicating that there has been key level of variation. The coefficients indicate that with the rise in the intercept, there has been a fall in communication, work from home, and development of new and improved products, monitoring the competitors, online training and businesses (Lu Yang, 2014). On the other hand, the other variables like the work from oth er locations, modifying the range of the products and services, recognizing the future market patterns and customers have increased value of coefficients (Wu Chen, 2017). The overall value indicates that there has been a significant variation and therefore no such relationships are present. Discussion This particular section will compare the findings as well as literature review. The purpose of the discussion section is to analyze the results of the hypothesis based on selected research questions. H1: There is significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there is significant rise in the access of internet The results that have been gathered after the assessment of the values and the figures that have been collected explain that construction sector has the number of businesses, followed by the professional, technical and scientific services. The extent of innovation that has been highest in the art and recreational services and agriculture, fishing and forestry services has the lowest level of innovation. Wholesale trade is still under the process of development and most number of businesses that are abandoned is in the art and recreation services. The figures in association to the research question 1 explains that there has been significant rise in the number of business from the year 2013-14 to the year 2015-16 as there has been significant rise in the access of internet, presence of social media and other aspects as well (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The rise in the business due to the incorporation of the innovation has even led to the rise in the income from internet by a significant margin . H2: There are possible factors that significantly changing the use of Information Technology The next research question has even been crucial enough in making an explanation that automated links have mostly not in use in the system to receive order and other business systems and therefore steps and measures have to be taken with the help of which better business operations can be undertaken. The overall usage of the IT support service has been the maximum in the consultancy and contractor services and this services needs to be increased even in the other sectors as well in order to improve the operations of the business in various sectors in the Australian economy (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The results even indicate that use of digital subscriber line has been the highest in the economy and this has been influential for the development of the Australian economy in accordance to the global economy. The correlation that has been attained for the research question number 2 explains that all the variables that have been taken into consideration have positive correlation as the values are more than 0 but the values are more close to the value 0 rather than staying close to 1, indicating that the relationship among the variables are related but are not related to closely with each other. The positive value indicates that innovations in the business sector in accordance to these variables can improve the operational activities of the business and therefore the company can bring in changes in their operational plans accordingly in order to maintain competitive edge. Conclusion This particular section will address the research aims as well as questions, along with the research limitations and recommendations. Addressing aims and research questions The aim of this particular research study is to identify the use of information technology in order to secure personnel and financial operations of Australian Marketing Industry. As per the first research question, the business use of Information Technology, selected by indicators over the years from 2013-14 to 2015-16 are analyzed. It is concluded that there is a rise into internet access and web presence from 2013-14 to the year 2015-2016. Based on research question 2, there are no such automated links among the systems to receive the order and other business systems. Use of the digital subscriber line is increasing among the Australian economy. Limitations In this particular research study, reliability is considered as the limitation as the analyzed data are gathered from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The researcher is unable to provide any guarantee of the quality along with reliability of the collected data and information. Due to two of the research constraints, it is difficult to carry out the work such as time as well as budget; therefore it restricts the scope of the study. Recommendations There are recommendations for the research manager as well as researchers such as: Use of IT system: The system recommended using of the IT in order to improve access to the information along with support evidence based decision making. IT should improve the quality of the marketing business operations; the evidence that IT is improved important marketing related outcomes is being limited. Most of the marketing organization should use of IT for strategic plan in order to improve quality care of services and products. Implement of inventory management system: When it comes to manage of inventory into marketing sector, the businesses are required to maintain stock to meet the demand without invest into more they need. The proposed system would track the quality of the items; trigger the order for additional stock when there is fall into qualities. It is best to implement of Point of Sale (POS) system which ensures that each of the item is being sold and there is removal of item from inventory count. Data management system: The organization should store of digital versions for the documents on the server as well as storage devices with use of this data management system. in this way, the documents should be available to everyone. References Abs.gov.au. (2015).8129.0 - Business Use of Information Technology, 2013-14.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/8129.0Explanatory%20Notes12013-14?OpenDocument Abs.gov.au. (2017).8129.0 - Business Use of Information Technology, 2015-16.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8129.0 Abs.gov.au. (2017).8166.0 - Summary of IT Use and Innovation in Australian Business, 2015-16.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8166.0 Afshari, M., Bakar, K. A., Luan, W. S., Samah, B. A., Fooi, F. S. (2014). Factors affecting teachers use of information and communication technology.International Journal of Instruction,2(1). Alzubi, M. M., Al-Dubai, M. M., Farea, M. M. (2018). Using the technology acceptance model in understanding citizens behavioural intention to use m-marketing among Jordanian citizen.Journal of Business and Retail Management Research,12(2). Beers, C., Zand, F. (2014). RD cooperation, partner diversity, and innovation performance: an empirical analysis.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(2), 292-312. Breytenbach, J., De Villiers, C., Jordaan, M. (2013). Communities in control of their own integrated technology development processes.Information Technology for Development,19(2), 133-150. Donovan, M. S. (2013). Generating improvement through research and development in education systems.Science,340(6130), 317-319. Freeman, S., Daniel, L. J., Murad, W. (2012). Knowledge and network development for service firm entry into emerging Asian markets.Asian Business Management,11(1), Jiang, H., Zhao, S., Yin, K., Yuan, Y., Bi, Z. (2014). An analogical induction approach to technology standardization and technology development.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,31(3), 366-382. 101-122. Harrison, D. E., Hair, J. F. (2017). The Use of Technology in Direct-Selling Marketing Channels: Digital Avenues for Dynamic Growth.Journal of Marketing Channels,24(1-2), 39-50. Hazen, B. T., Skipper, J. B., Boone, C. A., Hill, R. R. (2016). Back in business: Operations research in support of big data analytics for operations and supply chain management.Annals of Operations Research, 1-11. Iyengar, K., Sweeney, J. R., Montealegre, R. (2015). Information technology use as a learning mechanism: The impact of IT use on knowledge transfer effectiveness, absorptive capacity, and franchisee performance.Mis Quarterly,39(3). Jiang, H., Zhao, S., Li, Z., Chen, Y. (2016). Interaction between technology standardization and technology development: a coupling effect study.Information technology and management,17(3), 229-243. Jiang, H., Zhao, S., Yin, K., Yuan, Y., Bi, Z. (2014). An analogical induction approach to technology standardization and technology development.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,31(3), 366-382. Jiang, H., Zhao, S., Zhang, S., Xu, X. (2017). The adaptive mechanism between technology standardization and technology development: An empirical study.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Lu, H. P., Yang, Y. W. (2014). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use a social networking site: An extension of task-technology fit to social-technology fit.Computers in Human Behavior,34, 323-332. Mazzarol, T. (2015). SMEs engagement with e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing.Small enterprise research,22(1), 79-90. Murshed, F., Zhang, Y. (2016). Thinking orientation and preference for research methodology.Journal of Consumer Marketing,33(6), 437-446. Noyes, J., Gough, D., Lewin, S., Mayhew, A., Michie, S., Pantoja, T., ... Shepperd, S. (2013). A research and development agenda for systematic reviews that ask complex questions about complex interventions.Journal of clinical epidemiology,66(11), 1262-1270. OConnor, M., Rafferty, M., Sheikh, A. (2013). Equity compensation and the sensitivity of research and development to financial market frictions.Journal of Banking Finance,37(7), 2510-2519. Oberoi, P., Patel, C., Haon, C. (2017). Technology sourcing for website personalization and social media marketing: A study of e-retailing industry.Journal of Business Research,80, 10-23. Power, D., Gruner, R. L. (2015). Exploring reduced global standards-based inter-organisational information technology adoption.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(11), 1488-1511. Ramakrishnan, R. K. (2015, October). A Business Process view of Software: An effective measurement model to assess the operations readiness of software under construction. InINCOSE International Symposium(Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 903-913). Reis, J., Amorim, M., Melo, N. (2017, September). Omni-channel service operations: Building technology-based business networks. InService Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI), 2017 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 96-101). IEEE. Risselada, H., Verhoef, P. C., Bijmolt, T. H. (2014). Dynamic effects of social influence and direct marketing on the adoption of high-technology products.Journal of Marketing,78(2), 52-68. Rubin, T. H., Aas, T. H., Stead, A. (2015). Knowledge flow in technological business incubators: Evidence from Australia and Israel.Technovation,41, 11-24. Saunders, M. N., Bezzina, F. (2015). Reflections on conceptions of research methodology among management academics.European management journal,33(5), 297-304. Wang, E. T., Hu, H. F., Hu, P. J. H. (2013). Examining the role of information technology in cultivating firms dynamic marketing capabilities.Information Management,50(6), 336-343. Whitaker, J., Ekman, P., Thompson, S. (2017). How multinational corporations use information technology to manage global operations.Journal of Computer Information Systems,57(2), 112-122. Wu, B., Chen, X. (2017). Continuance intention to use MOOCs: Integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and task technology fit (TTF) model.Computers in Human Behavior,67, 221-232. Zivanovic, V., Zivanovic, N., Zivanovic, M. (2013). Technology development implementation of changes in small businesses strategic.Journal of Process Management. New Technologies,1(3), 1-6